The Nature of Qiwāmah and the Jurisprudential–Legal Feasibility of Its Transfer, Waiver, and Extinguishment
Keywords:
Qiwāmah, qiwāmah as a legislative rationale, non-transferability of qiwāmah, non-waivability of qiwāmahAbstract
The concept of qiwāmah has, throughout the centuries, been regarded by scholars as one of the most important grounds for recognizing men’s responsibility for the management of family affairs and has been examined from both Islamic jurisprudential and family-law perspectives. This article, which aims to investigate the legal and jurisprudential nature of qiwāmah, examines its status under different circumstances, particularly with respect to the possibility of transferring qiwāmah to another person and the possibility of its extinguishment or waiver. The study employs a descriptive–analytical method and examines whether qiwāmah constitutes a right or a legal ruling (ḥukm), as well as the conditions and elements from which it arises. By elucidating the nature of qiwāmah, the present study considers it a basis for men’s responsibility arising from two necessary conditions, one inherent and the other acquired. Accordingly, under no circumstances can qiwāmah be transferred to another person; nor can a man divest himself of it, and it is not susceptible to waiver. Consequently, if a man, for any reason, refuses to assume this responsibility or fails to perform the duties arising therefrom, the rules established in Islamic jurisprudence and law require him to provide the requisite conditions and fulfill his obligations; otherwise, upon the wife’s request and by order of the competent judicial authority, he may be required to divorce his wife.
Downloads
References
Abu al-Husayn, A. (1984). Mu'jam Maqayis al-Lughah (1 ed., Vol. 2). Islamic Propagation Office Publications.
Ansari, M. (1994). Kitab al-Makasib al-Muharramah wa al-Bay' wa al-Khiyarat (1 ed., Vol. 1). World Congress Commemorating Shaykh al-A'zam Ansari.
Ardabili, A. Zubdat al-Bayan fi Ahkam al-Qur'an (1 ed.). Al-Maktabah al-Ja'fariyyah li-Ihya al-Athar al-Ja'fariyyah.
Ardabili, S. A. a.-K. (2002). Fiqh al-Qada (2 ed., Vol. 1).
Bahr al-Ulum, M. (1983). Bulghat al-Faqih (4 ed., Vol. 1). Maktabat al-Sadiq.
Bahrani, H. Al-Anwar al-Lawami' fi Sharh Mafatih al-Shara'i' (1 ed., Vol. 10). Majma' al-Buhuth al-Ilmiyyah.
Balaghi, M. J. Ala' al-Rahman fi Tafsir al-Qur'an (1 ed., Vol. 2). Vejdani.
Emami, S. H. Civil Law (Vol. 1). Islamieh Publications.
Fayd Kashani, M. (1994). Tafsir al-Safi (2 ed., Vol. 1). Maktabat al-Sadr.
Faydi, A. a.-F. (1996). Sawati' al-Ilham fi Tafsir Kalam al-Malik al-Allam (1 ed., Vol. 2). Dar al-Manar.
Hilli, M. (1984). Al-Tanqih al-Ra'i' li-Mukhtasar al-Shara'i' (1 ed., Vol. 3). Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library Publications.
Himyari, N. i. S. i. (1999). Shams al-Ulum wa Dawa' Kalam al-Arab min al-Kulum (1 ed., Vol. 8). Dar al-Fikr al-Mu'asir.
Hosseini Shirazi, S. M. Isal al-Talib ila al-Makasib (1 ed., Vol. 14). Manshurat A'lami.
Ibn al-Athir, a.-J. Al-Nihayah fi Gharib al-Hadith (1 ed., Vol. 1). Ismailian Press Institute.
Ibn Manzur, A. a.-F. (1993). Lisan al-Arab (3 ed., Vol. 12). Dar al-Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Javadi Amoli, A. (2009). Tasnim (1 ed., Vol. 18). Isra.
Jawhari, I. i. (1989). Al-Sihah: Taj al-Lughah wa Sihah al-Arabiyyah (1 ed., Vol. 5). Dar al-Ilm lil-Malayin.
Kashani, F. A. Manhaj al-Sadiqin fi Ilzam al-Mukhalifin (1 ed., Vol. 2). Islamieh Bookstore.
Kashani, F. A. (2002). Zubdat al-Tafasir (1 ed., Vol. 4). Islamic Ma'arif Foundation.
Kazemi, F. Masalik al-Afham ila Ayat al-Ahkam (Vol. 3).
Majlisi Ii, M. B. (1984). Mir'at al-Uqul fi Sharh Akhbar Al al-Rasul (2 ed., Vol. 23). Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah.
Majlisi Ii, M. B. (1989). Bihar al-Anwar (1 ed., Vol. 2). Printing and Publishing Institute.
Makarem Shirazi, N. (2004). Anwar al-Fiqahah: Kitab al-Nikah (1 ed., Vol. 5-6). Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib School Publications.
Mazandarani, A. A. (2008). Dalil Tahrir al-Wasilah (1 ed.). Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works.
Mughniyah, M. J. (2003). Al-Tafsir al-Kashif (1 ed., Vol. 2). Dar al-Kitab al-Islami.
Mughniyah, M. J. (2004). Tafsir al-Mubin (3 ed.). Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiyyah.
Mustafavi, H. (1982). Al-Tahqiq fi Kalimat al-Qur'an al-Karim (1 ed., Vol. 3, 9, 12). Markaz al-Kitab lil-Tarjamah wa al-Nashr.
Na'ini, M. M. H. (1954). Munyat al-Talib fi Hashiyat al-Makasib (1 ed.). Al-Maktabah al-Muhammadiyyah.
Najafi, M. H. (1984). Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Shara'i' al-Islam (7 ed., Vol. 17). Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
Qandahari, M. (2003). Al-Fiqh wa Masa'il Tibbiyyah (1 ed., Vol. 1). Islamic Propagation Office Publications.
Qurashi, S. A. A. (1991). Qamus al-Qur'an (6 ed., Vol. 5). Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah.
Raghib Isfahani, H. (1991). Mufradat Alfaz al-Qur'an (1 ed.). Dar al-Ilm / Al-Dar al-Shamiyyah.
Rawandi, Q. a.-D. (1985). Fiqh al-Qur'an (2 ed., Vol. 2). Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Publications.
Sha'rani, A. a.-H. (2007). Allamah Sha'rani's Qur'anic Studies in the Commentaries Majma' al-Bayan, Rawd al-Jinan, and Manhaj al-Sadiqin (2 ed., Vol. 1). Boostan-e Ketab Qom.
Subhani Tabrizi, J. f. (2003). Al-Zakat fi al-Shari'ah al-Islamiyyah (1 ed., Vol. 2). Imam Sadiq Institute.
Tabarsi, F. i. H. (1991). Tafsir Jawami' al-Jami' (1 ed., Vol. 1). Qom Seminary Management Center.
Tabarsi, F. i. H. (1993). Majma' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an (3 ed., Vol. 3). Naser Khosrow.
Tabatabaei Hakim, S. M. Nahj al-Fiqahah (1 ed., Vol. 1). 22 Bahman Publications.
Tabatabaei Yazdi, S. M. K. (2000). Hashiyat al-Makasib (2 ed., Vol. 1). Ismailian Institute.
Turayhi, F. a.-D. (1995). Majma' al-Bahrayn (3 ed., Vol. 6). Mortazavi Bookstore.
Tusi, M. i. H. Al-Tibyan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an (1 ed., Vol. 3). Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
Various, A. Fiqh Ahl al-Bayt Journal (1 ed., Vol. 3-36). Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence Institute.
Downloads
Additional Files
Publication Timeline
- Submitted
- Revised
- Accepted
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Somayeh Ebrahimi (Author); Ozra Entekhabian (Corresponding author); Abolhassan Soltani (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
