The Role of Foreign Intelligence Organizations in Military and Paramilitary Incidents of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Mohammad  Ali Doosti; Mohammad Jafar Saed; Ali  Najafi Tavana

Authors

Mohammad Ali Doosti Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9479-0954
Mohammad Jafar Saed Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7095-2582
Ali Najafi Tavana Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7295-9569

Keywords:

Intelligence, Espionage, Military and Paramilitary Incidents

Abstract

Following its establishment in 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently attracted the attention of foreign intelligence organizations due to its geopolitical position, defensive capabilities, intelligence dominance, and strategic role in the West Asia region. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of foreign intelligence organizations in military and paramilitary incidents involving the Islamic Republic of Iran. Data were collected through documentary and library-based sources, and the research employed a descriptive–analytical approach. This study seeks to answer the following question: What is the role of foreign intelligence organizations in military and paramilitary incidents involving the Islamic Republic of Iran? The findings indicate that the role of foreign intelligence organizations in such incidents has included intelligence gathering, planning, direction, and support (intelligence, military, and financial) aimed at overthrowing the ruling system. These incidents have generally been accompanied by intensive psychological warfare and various forms of pressure, including economic, military, and political sanctions. Espionage activities (in accordance with the law of criminal saturation and supersaturation) intensify during military and paramilitary incidents. The escalation of espionage activities during such events is primarily driven by the need for information to achieve victory. It is evident that the leadership authority, national cohesion, intelligence superiority, and military power of the Islamic Republic of Iran contribute significantly to neutralizing further conspiracies orchestrated by foreign intelligence organizations.

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